刑法私法化:现实图景与理论空间

The Privatization of Criminal Law: Realistic Picture and Theoretical Space

大体上,刑法私法化是指在以纯粹公法建构的刑法中引入私法的理念、原则与方法,以实现在刑事法治框架内的犯罪治理多元化。刑法私法化在刑事立法和司法中均有显性体现,其蕴涵了恢复正义、经济效益等价值追求,如此现象的产生既有刑法之内的原因驱动,也有刑法之外的因素使然。尽管刑法私法化在一定程度上冲击了传统刑法理论及其适用范式,但其并未走向真正的对立面。传统刑法理论中犯罪的法益侵害性、消极的责任主义原理以及罪刑法定、罪刑相适应等刑法基本原则,均为刑法私法化提供了充分的理论空间。

In general,the privatization of criminal law refers to the introduction of the principles and methods of private law in the construction of a purely public law concept of criminal law,in order to achieve diversification of crime control within the framework of criminal law. The privatization of criminal law has its dominant reflection both in criminal legislation and criminal justice,the reasons of this phenomenon are both within and outside the criminal law; therefore it implies the victim recovery,harm recovery,penal economy and other basic values. Although the privatization of criminal law to some extent impact the theoretical paradigm of traditional criminal law,but it doesn＇t go to the opposite of the traditional theory of criminal law. The legal interest infraction of crime,the negative responsibility principle and the legal doctrine,the crime fit the penalty and other fundamental principles of criminal law,provide the most fundamental theories space to the privatization of criminal law.