论北洋时期限制通俗讲演社会效应的因素

Factors Influencing the Social Effects of Popular Lectures in the Northern Warlords Period

通俗教育讲演所为北洋时期重要的社会教育机构,其宗旨是开启民智,使一般人民养成国民资格。1915年后,各地公立讲演所的涌现可以被看作是北洋政府建立现代国民意识尝试的一部分。但地方性公立讲演机构多由当地财政支持,资源有限,除少数大城市外,多数基层讲演所的日常运作面临诸多困难。本文试图以个案分析为切口,根据现存吉林县立讲演所档案考察基层讲演机构日常运行状况,分析限制通俗讲演发挥其社会效应的因素,解释讲员素质参差不齐、讲演内容陈旧、基础设施匮乏、运营经费紧张等问题产生的原因,并考察其如何制约着通俗讲演事业的发展。

Popular lecture agency was an important social education institution in the Northern Warlords pe-riod, aiming at enlightening the people and making general people acquire citizen qualification. After 1915, the rapid emergence of public lecture agencies all over the country can be seen as a part of the Northern Warlords government attempting to establish modern national ideology. However, the local public lecture in- stitutions were mostly supported by the local finance, with limited resources. Except for several large cities, the daily operation of the grass - root lecture institutions faced many difficulties. The authors attempt to take the case analysis as the entry point, investigate the daily operation of grass - root lecture institutions accord- ing to the records of the existing prefectural lecture institutions in Jilin, analyze the factors restricting the popular lecture to play its social effects and explain the reasons for the uneven quality of the speakers, the obsolete lecture content, lack of infrastructure, shortage of operating funds, ete, as well as investigate how these problems restrict the development of popular lecture cause.