上海市嘉定区幼托机构及周边小区蚊虫侵害状况研究

Investigation of mosquito infestations in kindergartens and surrounding residential areas in Jiading District of Shanghai

摘要：目的了解上海市嘉定区幼托机构及周边小区环境蚊虫侵害水平，为科学防治提供依据。方法随机选取嘉定区的13所托幼机构和周边13个居民小区作为调查对象，采取孳生地调查和灯诱法成蚊监测相结合的方法，分别于5—12月对学校和周边居民小区蚊虫侵害状况进行调查。结果幼托机构成蚊数为0．59只／（灯·h）。蚊种构成：淡色库蚊占92．10％，三带喙库蚊占7．36％，中华按蚊占0．54％。幼托机构孳生地阳性率为2．29％，幼虫密度平均为1．60只／勺。轮胎孳生地阳性率与其他类型比较，轮胎积水阳性率高（X2=5．51，P=0．02）。小型容器积水白纹伊蚊阳性率高于大中型积水（X2=10．13，P=0．001）。大中型积水淡色库蚊阳性率高于其他类型积水（x2=6．38，P=0．01）。7—8月暑假期间与9—10月开学后蚊虫阳性率比较，7—8月阳性率更高（X2=5．83，P=0．02）。周边居民小区蚊虫孳生地阳性率为3．92％，平均密度为3．03只／勺，其中总阳性率以闲置罐最高，其次为缸。幼虫以垃圾积水密度最高。幼托机构与周边居民小区蚊虫总体阳性率比较，周边居民小区阳性率更高（X2=6．29，P=0．01）。结论幼托机构上课期间室内存在成蚊侵害，幼儿园内的蚊虫以白纹伊蚊为主，暑期7-8月蚊密度最高。周边居民小区蚊虫阳性率高于幼儿园。

Objective To investigate the mosquito infestations in kindergartens and surrounding residential areas in Jiading district of Shanghai and to provide basis for scientific prevention and control. Methods The mosquito infestations were investigated by combination use of mosquito breeding sites investigation and lamp trapping method in 13 kindergartens and 13 surrounding residential areas, which were randomly selected. The investigation was carried out from May to December. Results The mosquito density was 0.59/（ lamp · h ） in kindergartens, including 92. 1% of Culex pipiens pallens, 7.36% of Culex tritaeniorhynchus and 0.54% of Anopheles sinensis. Positive rate of mosquito breeding was 2.29% in kindergartens with the average density of larvae of 1.60/scoop. The positive rate of breeding in tires was the highest {X2 = 5.51, P = 0. 02 ）. The positive rate of Aedes albopictus in small water containers was higher than that of large and medium-sized water containers （X2 = 10. 13 ,P = 0. 001 }. The positive rate of Culex pipiens pallensinwas was higher in large and medium-sized water containers （X2 = 6. 38, P = 0.01}. The positive rate was higher during summer vocation periods （July to August} compared with academic terms（September to October）. （X2 = 5. 83, P = 0. 02）. The positive rate of breeding in residential areas was 3.92% , with average density of 3.03/scoop. The positive rate was the highest in the spare pots and jars. The density of larvae was highest in the garbage water. The positive rate of breeding in residential areas was higher than that of kindergartens （X2 = 6. 29, P = 0. 01 ）. Conclusion There are indoor mosquito infestations in kindergartens, mainly with Aedes albopictus. The density is the highest in summer from July to August. The positive rate of mosquito infestations in residential areas is higher than in the kindergartens.