自然与历史的同一——《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中生态观的哲学路向

The Unification of Nature and History:The Ecophilosophical Dimension in The Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844

作为马克思早期的重要哲学著作,《1844年经济学哲学手稿》对自然概念的重新定义直接决定了马克思主义生态观其后的延伸和发展。马克思早期的生态思想在此著作中并没有体系化的明确阐发,但是通过对费尔巴哈唯物主义的借鉴和批判,对形而上学的自然观的批判,以及对实践辩证法的论述,马克思将自然概念重新放置于社会关系和历史发展的范畴之中。因此,《手稿》中自然观的哲学论述,既说明了资本批判对于唯物史观构建的基础地位,同时也反映了马克思的生态观与共产主义理论的密切联系。

As an important philosophical work in the early age of Karl Marx,the re-definition of nature as a philosophical concept in The Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 directly determined the extension and direction of the Marxist ecophilosophy. Through the reference on the materialism of L. Feuerbach,the critique on the metaphysical concept of nature and the narration about the dialectics based on practice is displayed in this work,though the ecophilosophical thoughts of Marx are not systematically elaborated. So Manuscripts indicates that capital criticism plays a basic role in historical materialism,and also illustrates the relations between Marxist ecophilosophy and communist theory.