中部两省农村6个月~2岁婴幼儿贫血状况及影响因素分析

The Status and Influencing Factors of Anemia among Rural Children between 6 Months Old to 2 Years Old in Two Provinces of Central China

目的了解我国中部地区农村婴幼儿贫血状况,探讨其主要影响因素,为降低农村地区婴幼儿贫血患病率提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法,抽取湖南和湖北两省＂中澳项目＂6个项目县/市的农村6个月~2岁婴幼儿为研究对象,对其进行体格测量和血红蛋白检测,并对其抚养者进行问卷调查,采用SPSS 12.0进行统计分析。结果 1 461名6个月~2岁婴幼儿的贫血患病率为31.96%,其中有93.15%为轻度贫血。单因素分析结果显示,主要看护人、家庭收入水平、看护人对孩子未来身高有无期望、6月龄以内喂养方式、是否了解监测生长发育的方法、1年以内健康体检次数、泥糊状食物和肉类食物添加时间、是否补充维生素D、每周食用肉类和禽蛋的频率、有无体质量低下和生长迟缓为婴幼儿贫血的影响因素。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示：生长迟缓、家长对婴幼儿无身高期望是贫血的危险因素;按期体检、6月龄以内喂养方式为混合喂养和人工喂养、食肉及食禽蛋频率高是贫血的保护因素。结论中部两省农村6个月~2岁婴幼儿贫血率较高,贫血程度以轻度为主。加强普及抚养人科学喂养及育儿知识、提高农村地区儿童保健服务水平将有助于降低婴幼儿贫血患病率。

Objectives To investigate the situation of infant anemia in rural areas of central China,analyze its influencing factors,so as to provide the evidence for reducing the prevalence of infant anemia in rural areas.Methods Six counties and cities of China-Australia project areas were selected by using multi-staged stratified random sampling methods,take the infants in rural areas between 6 months old to 2 years old as the survey respondent.Anthropometric measurement and detection of hemoglobin for these infants,investigated with the self-designed questionnaire to their parents,and SPSS12.0to analyze.Results The prevalence of anemia among the 1 461 infants between 6months old to 2years old was 31.96% and 93.15% of them were mild anemia.Single factor analysis showed that the influencing factors of anemia included：primary caregiver,family income,caregivers＇expectations for their children＇s height,how to feed in the first 6months,knowing the monitor methods of growth and development,physicalexamination,time to introduce paste and meat,adding cod-liver oil,how many times of eating meat and eggs every week,underweight,growth retardation.The analysis of Logistic regression showed that growth retardation,caregivers＇had no expectation for their children＇s height were the risk factors of infant anemia,physicalexamination on time,mixed feeding and artificial feeding in the first 6months,eating meat and eggs every week were the positive factors of infant anemia.Conclusions The prevalence of anemia among the infants between 6months old to 2years old in rural areas of central China was high,but most of them are mild anemia.Popularization of scientific feeding knowledge among the caregivers and improving the child health care service in rural area,will help to reduce the prevalence of anemia in infants.