多民族国家的国语、官方语言、通用语言的比较研究——以中国周边六国为例

Comparative Study on National language,Official language and Common language in Multi-ethnic country——Taken six neighbor countries of China as examples

文章以位于中国周边的六个国家为例,梳理和列举了这些国家当前的国语、官方语言和通用语言,从历史的观点深入分析了造成这些国家国语地位较弱、官方语言和通用语言复杂的历史原因,从社会语言学的视角说明人口结构为多核心型的多种(民)族的国家往往双语或多语并存,各语种之间互相竞争,得出国语和官方语言的选择实际上反映的是国际性语言和地区性语言、外来语言和本土语言、原宗主国语言和藩属国母语综合博弈的结论。

The paper selected six neighbor countries of China as examples,listed national,official and common languages of them,analyzed reasons of weakness of national language and complicated situation of official and common language historically. By the perspective of sociolinguistics,the paper points out that it is unavoidable that coexisted different languages competed mutually in multi-ethnic countries.The conclusion is that the option of national and official languages reflects the comprehensive competition of international and regional language,foreign and native language,suzerain and colonial native languages.