如何安放孤独的灵魂?——2015～2016北京市失独群体内部需求差异调查分析

How to Console the Lonely Soul?——A Research about Different Needs of Parents Lost Their only Child

失独群体是中国一个特殊的群体,在经历了丧子之痛后即将步入暮年的他们,面临着重重困境。目前对于失独群体的相关政策不统一、政策定位"瞄不准",对失独者的扶助存在"一刀切"的问题。未考虑到这一群体需求的差异性和层次性,既不能很好地满足受助者的实际需求,又造成了巨大的资源浪费。文章在实地调研和问卷调查的基础上,详尽阐述了失独者在经济、精神、养老等方面需求的差异性,提出了建立"供需对口"的瞄准机制的政策建议。为研究失独群体需求提供了新的视角。

Parents who have lost their only child form a special group of people in China. After experiencing the pain of losing the only child,they are about to step into an age of facing numerous difficulties. In recent years,the government has paid more attention to the group,and promulgated relevant policies to improve the situation. But national policy is not unified and the orientation isn＇t accurate,the policy towards parents who have lost their only child is＂one size fits all＂. Without considering the diversity and hierarchy of needs of this group,it＇s hard to meet the actual demands and leads to a huge wastes of resources.Based on the field investigation,we make a detailed explanation about different needs of them in economy,mentality and the elderly support system,giving some suggestions about building up a supply-demand targeting institution,in hope of providing a new perspective for studying the needs of parents who have lost their only child.