氮肥减量后移对超级稻吉粳88氮素利用效率及产量的影响

Effects of Postponing and Decreasing Nitrogen Application on Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Yield of Super Rice‘Jijing 88'

为明确减氮后移对超级稻吉粳88氮素吸收利用规律和转运特性,优化吉林省水稻高产高效合理氮肥施用技术,以吉粳88为供试材料,采用田间试验,通过设置不同氮肥减量后移处理,测定氮肥减量后移对吉粳88氮素吸收利用率及产量的变化情况。结果表明,氮肥减量后移比常规施氮增产-0.78%~7.5%;适量氮肥减量后移可促进吉粳88中后期的氮素总积累量,降低茎鞘和叶片氮素转运率,提高氮肥吸收利用率、氮肥农学利用率和氮肥偏生产力。综合考虑各因素,以施纯氮141.31 kg/hm^2,补肥和穗肥施氮肥时间分别比传统施肥时间后移13 d和9 d施氮方式效果最佳,最高产量达到11 t/hm^2。

In order to ascertain the effects of postponing and decreasing nitrogen application on nitrogen use regula- tion and transportation character of super rice ‘Jijing 88 ＇, field experiments with different treatments were conduct- ed in the study to investigate the effects of postponing nitrogen application on nitrogen use efficiency and yield of super rice ＇Jijing 88＇. The results showed that yield was increased by -0.78%-7.5% by postponing and decreasing nitrogen application. It was indicated that total nitrogen absorption and accumulation of super-rice ‘Jijing 88＇ at midto late stage increased by properly postponed and cut down nitrogen application, nitrogen translocation rate in stem, sheath and leaf decreased, so the nitrogen use efficiency, agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity were raised. All the influence factors considered, the best nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency were obtained by applying 141.31 kg/hm2 and topdressing and earring fertilizer applied 13 d and 9 d later. The highest yield was 11 t/hm2.