有关热力学特性函数与判据的教学探讨

Teaching Discussion on Characteristic Functions and Reversibility Criteria in Thermodynamics

有关热力学的课程教学中应强调,热力学理论体系的核心是热力学系统的特性函数。唯有特性函数才可以表达热力学系统平衡态的所有特性,自发过程方向性和限度的判据亦依据特性函数的变化。热力学理论教学应引导学生寻找到所有的特性函数及相应的判据,由此强化学生对特性函数的理解,最终帮助学生完整地掌握整个热力学理论体系。

The central role of characteristic functions in thermodynamics should be stressed in teaching. Only the characteristic functions can express all characteristics of the equilibrium thermodynamic system, and the direction as well as the limit of the spontaneous process is also based on the change of the charac- teristic functions. Teaching of thermodynamics theory should guide students to find all the characteristic functions and the corresponding criteria, so as to strengthen the deep understanding of these functions, and ultimately help students to fully grasp the whole thermodynamics theory system.