域外隐匿身份侦查的法理与实践析评

On Legal Principle and Practice of Foreign Undercover Investigation

隐匿身份侦查指的是侦查人员或受委托侦查的人员隐匿其真实身份实施的侦查。在浅层隐匿身份侦查当中,世界各国一般都秉持侦查机关的自我授权与管理原则。对于深层隐匿身份侦查,则都愈加体现出法治化的共同价值取向。在兴起背景上,大陆法系国家隐匿身份侦查兴起伊始,主要是服务于政治统治的需要;英美法系国家则是起源于打击极端犯罪。在发展模式上,大陆法系隐匿身份侦查的发展经历了产生、创新、式微与高扬的路径,而英美法系国家的隐匿身份侦查虽然起步较晚,但却是持续的发展。在目标和功能定位上,在英美法系,隐匿身份侦查(尤其是卧底侦查)常常是首选方法;而欧洲国家在深层隐匿身份侦查上往往要求其作为最后手段。在法律规范上,两大法系对隐匿身份侦查的规范思路相当,都经历着内部管理到外部规范的发展过程。

Undercover investigation means policeman or informant conceal their identities to enforce the investigation work. According to the foreign investigational practice, the light undercover investigations are authorized and man-aged by police department. The deep undercover investigations need to be judicial controlled and reviewed. In accor-dance with rising background, Anglo-American law system countries aim to against extremely crimes;continental le-gal system countries aim to protect the authorization of governments. In Anglo-American law system countries, the un-dercover investigations are the preferred measures, contrast to the continental legal system countries.