不同土壤肥力条件下水肥运筹对滴灌冬小麦生长发育与产量品质的影响

Effect of Different Soil Fertility Under the Condition of Water and Fertilizer Regulation of Growth and Development and Yield and Quality of Winter Wheat Under Drip Irrigation

为提高冬小麦水肥利用效率,旨在探索滴灌冬小麦最佳水肥运筹模式,为滴灌条件下冬小麦优质高产的水肥高效管理提供科学依据。本研究选择两块不同土壤基础肥力的田块,进行冬小麦不同生育阶段的水氮组合处理对比试验研究,通过对冬小麦生长、产量和品质等指标的测定,分析不同土壤肥力条件、不同水氮运筹方案对滴灌冬小麦产量及品质的影响。结果表明:土壤基础肥力对滴灌冬小麦株高的影响显著,再适当增加返青-拔节期灌水量,对滴灌冬小麦株高有更好的调控效应;增施基肥能提高冬小麦光合产物从而提高冬小麦产量。土壤基础肥力提高对滴灌冬小麦籽粒容重、蛋白质含量、维生素B1、氨基酸含量和吸水率具有负效应。推荐高肥力田滴灌冬小麦水肥运筹方式为W2N2即灌浆期水分调控和氮肥后移的组合方式,低肥力田滴灌冬小麦水肥运筹方式为W1N3即返青-拔节期水肥调控的组合方式为宜。

The research has been design to improve water and fertilizer use efficiency for winter wheat and explore the best drip irriga- tion and fertilization application mode for winter wheat, so that a scientific basis can be provided efficient management of water and fertilizer for winter wheat to produce quality and high yield under drip irrigation conditions. In this study, two different soil basis fertility plots, experimental study comparing the combination treatment at different growth stages of winter wheat water and nitro- gen, by measuring on winter wheat growth, yield and quality indicators, analyze different soil conditions, different Irrigation and Ni- trogen Application program on the yield and quality of winter wheat drip irrigation. The results show that： the impact on soil fertility and irrigation of winter wheat plant height significant increase in appropriate reviving-jointing stage irrigation, drip irrigation and bet- ter regulation effects of winter wheat plant height; and that improvement of soil basic fertility has a negative effect on irrigating win- ter wheat in grain test weight, protein content, vitamin B1, amino acid content and water absorption rate. It is recommended that the W2N2 water and fertilizer application mode of drip irrigation shall be used for winter wheat in high fertility field, namely the combi- nation pattern of moisture regulation in postulation period and postponing nitrogen application, and that WlN3 water and fertilizer application mode of drip irrigation shall be used for winter wheat in low fertility field, namely the combination pattern of water and fertilizer regulation in reviving-jointing stage.