沟灌方式与灌水量对温室番茄生长指标的影响

Effect of Furrow Irrigation Pattern and Irrigation Amount on Growth Index of Greenhouse Tomato

采用温室内田间试验,设置常规沟灌(CFI)和交替隔沟灌溉(AFI)两种沟灌方式,依据Φ20cm标准蒸发皿的水面蒸发量,通过选取0.6(K1)、0.8(K2)、1.0(K3)、1.2(K4)4个作物-皿系数Kcp,设置4个灌水量梯度,共8个处理,比较不同处理对番茄株高、茎粗、叶面积指数和根冠比的影响。结果表明,AFI相较于CFI会抑制番茄植株的株高,但会增加茎粗;灌水量对株高呈显著的正效应,CFI、AFI下拉秧前的最大株高(148.40、144.80cm)均在最大灌水量(K4)下获得;茎粗随灌水量的增加呈先增后减的趋势,在K2灌水量下CFI、AFI处理分别获得拉秧前的最大茎粗13.93和14.74mm;沟灌方式和灌水量的耦合效应对株高、茎粗的影响始终不显著(P>0.05)。叶面积指数(LAI)受沟灌方式的影响不显著,但是会随着灌水量的提高而明显增大,两种沟灌方式均在最大灌水量(K4)下取得最大LAI。根冠比在AFI处理下明显大于相同灌水量下的CFI处理,随灌水量的增加呈先增后减的趋势,CFI下在K3灌水量时达到最大值0.070 6,AFI下在K2灌水量下达到最大值0.073 4。通过综合分析沟灌方式和灌水量对番茄株高、茎粗、叶面积指数以及根冠比的影响表明,交替隔沟灌溉相较于常规沟灌更有利于番茄植株的生长;过高(Kcp取1.2)或过低(Kcp取0.6)的灌水量均不利于番茄植株的生长,适中的灌水量(Kcp取0.8或1.0)不仅会使番茄植株健壮,同时也会使LAI处于一个较为合理的大小。

The objective of this study was to explore the effect of furrow irrigation pattern and irrigation amount on growth index of greenhouse tomato. Two furrow irrigation patterns （common furrow irrigation, CF1 and alternative furrow irrigation, AFI） and four levels of irrigation amount were set. Irrigation amount was determined based upon evaporation from a standard 20 cm diameter evap- oration pan through choosing four plant-pan coefficients （0. 6,0. 8,1.0,1.2）. Plant height, stem diameter, leaf area index （LAD and root-canopy ration of tomato under different treatment were compared. The result showed that AFI treatment restrained plant height growth and accelerated stem diameter growth. Irrigation amount showed positive effect on plant height. The maximum plant height of CFI and AFI treatment before uprooting （148.40 and 144. 80 cm） acquired under K4 irrigation amount. Stem diameter increased at first and then decreased with the increase of irrigation water. The maximum stem diameter of CFI and AFI treatment before uproo- ting （13.93 and 14. 74 mm） acquired under K2 irrigation amount. Coupling effect of furrow irrigation pattern and irrigation amount on plant height and stem diameter was not significant in the whole growth period （P〉0. 05）. The effect of furrow irrigation pattern on LAI showed no significance, but improving irrigation amount could increase LAI. The maximum LAI of both CFI and AFI treat- ment acquired under the maximum irrigation amount （K4）. AFI would significantly increase root-canopy ration, meanwhile, the change of root-canopy ration along with irrigation water amount showed a trend of increasing firstly and then decreasing.The maximum value of CFI treatment （0. 070 6） acquired under K3 irrigation amount, meanwhile that o{ AFI treatment （0. 073 4） acquired under K2 irrigation amount. Through comprehensive analysis above, it showed that AFI was more conducive to the growth of tomato compared with CFI. It also showed that either too high or too low irrigation amount was against tomato growth, while moderate irrigation water amount not only made plant robust, but also brought a proper LAI.