泸州市建筑工人的职业卫生服务需求分析

Analysis of occupational health needs of hardhats in Luzhou

目的：对泸州市建筑工人职业卫生服务需求现状及其影响因素进行调查分析,为改善建筑工人职业卫生服务现状,减少建筑工人职业卫生安全危害提供参考。方法：以泸州市建筑工人为研究对象,采用立意整群抽样方法进行抽样,采用问卷调查法对其职业卫生服务现状及需求进行调查分析。结果：职业健康检查、定期现场有害物质检测的需求率分别为62.4%、59.4%,均高于职业卫生安全知识宣传教育（55.6%）、专门机构管理健康信息（52.8%）（P〈0.01）。建筑工人对职业卫生安全知识宣传教育、专门机构管理健康信息、定期现场有害物质检测等3方面的需求率均随年龄的增长而降低、随文化程度的增加而增加（P〈0.05）,建筑工人对职业健康体检的需求率也随文化程度和家庭年收入的增加而增加（P〈0.05）;建筑工人对专门机构管理健康信息需求率在10～20年组最高、20～30年组最低（P〈0.05）;特殊工种和一般技术工对四个方面的职业卫生服务需求均高于杂工（P〈0.05）;职业健康检查、定期现场有害物质检测的需求率,接受过职业安全和职业病知识培训的建筑工人高于未接受的（P〈0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析：职业安全培训、文化程度和工种可能是建筑工人职业卫生服务需求的影响因素。结论：建筑工人对职业卫生服务需求率均相对较低,职业安全培训、文化程度和工种可能是建筑工人职业卫生服务需求的影响因素。

Objective： To improve the occupational health services of hardhats and provide reference for reducing the risk of occupational health, the current situation of occupational health needs and the factors affecting their needs in Luzhou were analyzed. Methods： Purposive cluster sampling was used to select samples from the hardhats in Luzhou, and data on their current occupational health and their occupational health needs were collected through interview questionnaire survey and analyzed by cross-sectional studies. Results： The demanding rates for occupational health examination, and periodic site poison inspection were higher than that for promotion and education of occupational health safety knowledge and management of health information by a special institution（P〈0.05）. The demanding rates for promotion and education of occupational health safety knowledge, management of health information by a special institution and periodic site poison inspection decreased with the increase of age and increased with the improvement of educational level（P〈0.05）. The demanding rates for occupational health examination increased with the improvement of educational level and the increase of annual household income（P〈0.05）. The demanding rate for the management of health information by a special institution was the highest in the 10 ~ 20 years age group and the lowest in 20 ~ 30 years age group（P〈0.05）. The demanding rate for the four occupational health services mentioned above was higher in special occupation workers and general workers than in handymen（P〈0.05）. The Demanding rates for occupational health examination and periodic site poison in spection were higher in those with than in those without, the knowledge of occupational safety and occupational diseases（P〈0.05）. Multifactor logistic regression analysis indicated that occupational safety training, educational level and types of work may be the influential factors on the demand for occupational health services. Conclusion： The demanding rate for occupational health services in hardhats is relatively low. Occupational safety training, educational level and types of work may be the influential factors on the demand for occupational health services.