清前期铸钱工业成本及利润考察

Investigation on the Cost and Profit of Casting Money Industry in the Early Qing Dynasty

清代铸钱业的发展规模受到铸币成本的极大制约。铸币成本低廉,各铸局利润丰厚,铸钱事业则兴旺,反之,铸钱事业就停滞。铸钱成本的主体是币材价格,在清代的不同阶段,由于币材来源与价格的多变性,造成不同时期各铸局铸钱成本的多样性。顺治时期币材供应充裕且价格低廉,各钱局获得大量的铸息。康熙年间,洋铜成为币材的主要来源。但随着其价格持续上涨,加之日本限制洋铜输出数量,铸钱成本居高不下,各铸局亏损严重。雍正时期滇铜开发,滇省的铸钱利润有所提升,但其他铸局依旧处于亏损的状态。

The development scale of the casting money industry in Qing Dynasty was restricted enormously by the cost of casting money industry.When the cost was low,mint bureaus got good profits,and the money casting industry was very prosperous.Conversely,the industry was standstill.The main part of the cost was the price of the material to cast money.In different stages of the Qing Dynasty,because of the changeability of the resources of material and the prices,the cost of different mint bureaus was various.In Shunzhi Period,the material to cast money was in abundant supply and in low price,so the mint bureaus got massive interests.In Kangxi Period,the main resource of the material was nikel silver.As its price continuously went up and Japan restricted the quantity of output of nickel silver,the cost of casting money stayed in a high position without going down.Mint bureaus lost seriously.In Yongzheng Period,the copper development in Yunnan allowed the profit of mint coins to get improved.However,the other mint bureaus were still in loss.