南宋大军仓的设置与运营

A Brief Analysis on the Settings and Operations of Da-Jun Granary System in the Southern Song Dynasty

南宋时期由于疆域的变化及供漕体制的改变,各屯驻大军的粮廪分别由淮东、淮西、湖广、四川四大总领所辖下之大军仓供应,大军仓是完全意义上的军粮仓。除四川总领所大军仓分布于川陕一带外,其他三总领所大军仓多分布于长江和运河沿岸,以及一些战略要地和军事重镇。大军仓隶属总领所,在人员设置及管理方面均有严格的规定。由于御前诸军的粮食供应划区进行,军队所需的粮廪由各路州县按定额输送总领所大军仓。除各路州县的上供定额外,驻屯诸军之廪给大部分依赖于和籴。南宋大军仓虽专为供给驻屯诸军廪米而设,但亦参与灾荒的赈济,在南宋社会起着重要作用。

In the southern Song dynasty,owing to the change of territory and the water transport system,Da-Jun granary,governed by Huai Dong,Huai Xi,Hu Guang and Si Chuan of the four masters,supplied grain to the imperial armies and it was a real army granary in essence.Except the Da-Jun Granary which was distributed in the Chuan-Shan region in Si Chuan,other three Zong-Ling Suo Da-Jun Granaries were distributed not only along the banks of the Changjiang River and the Canal mostly,but also at strategically important regions and military towns.Da-Jun granary which was subordinate to Zong-Ling Suo has stricted rules in staff setting and managing.Supplying the imperial armies＇grain according to different regions,the grain that the army needs was conveyed by appointed states and countries with rationing to Zong-Ling Suo Da-Jun Granary.Except the ration supplied by these states and countries,the supply of the imperial armies mostly depends on the Hedi.Although Da-Jun Granary in the Southern Song was set up only for supplying grain to the imperial armies,it also took part in saving the people in disaster and played an important role in the southern Song society.