论18世纪日本的中国观——以《清朝探事》《清俗纪闻》为中心

Japan's Outlook on China in Eighteenth Century:A Shincyoutanji and Shinzokukibun Perspective

自古以来,中国的物质文化、风俗习惯等都受到亚洲邻国的重视,成为其不可或缺的重要参照。在清军入关以前,日本对中国文化持学习、敬仰的态度,"慕华"心理一直是主流的中国观。而自鸦片战争中国战败之后,日本对中国的态度急剧直下,贬低、甚至蔑视中国人。那么在清入关后以及中英战争前,对处于清朝康雍乾鼎盛时期18世纪的中国,日本又是如何认识中国的?鉴于学界对这一近世日本中国观的研究较少,本文拟以成书于18世纪的《清朝探事》及《清俗纪闻》两本史料为中心对这一问题进行探讨。旨在加深对这一近代以来日本中国观源流的理解,同时也可以从多侧面的独特视角审察中国文化,对自身有一个更加立体、全面的认识。

Before Manchu troop＇s entrance to Shanhaiguan, the Japanese respectfully study Chinese culture. But after China＇ s fail- ure in the Opium War in 1840, the Japanese attitude toward China was sharply reversed, they began belittle and even scorn the Chi- nese. In this paper, according to Shincyoutanji and Shinzokukibun which were written in the eighteenth century, the author analyzes Ja- pan＇ s outlook on China in that period of time.