从《愚管抄》看日本中世纪的机会主义思想——以该抄“卷四鸟羽传”的叙事和人物对比为线索

Analysis on Opportunism Thought of Japan in Middle Ages from Gukansho——Taking Narrative and Characters' Comparison in Volume Four as a Clue

《愚管抄》是一部矛盾众多、难以读懂的历史文学作品,其"卷四鸟羽传"所提的"大和魂"更是不易理解。本文根据作者的身世和对该抄的解读,分析其中的"道理"和"大和魂"的关系。结论是慈圆的"大和魂"乃他所谓的"道理"的一部分,不仅是他维护"九条摄关嫡系"利益的机会主义理论依据,而且还是他为存续"摄关"制度,提出要与贵族集团的敌人、幕府联手的机会主义思想表现。

Gukansho with contradictions is a historical literature work difficult to understand, especially Yamatodamashihi in Volume Four. Based on the life experience of Jien and the interpretation of Gukansho, this paper makes a study on the relationship between ＂reasons＂ and Yamatodamashihi. It comes to a conclusion that Yamatodamashihi Jien demonstrated is one part of his so-called rea- sons, which is not only the unchanging theoretical basis of the regency system he expects, but also covers the awareness of opportunism being an ally with his own enemy to remain the regency system.