全国流行性腮腺炎流行病学特征及其免疫预防

Epidemiological features and immune prevention of mumps in China

流行性腮腺炎是一种较为常见的急性呼吸道传染病,近几年发病率出现明显的上升趋势。我国自2004年以来该病报告发病率波动在22.00/10万左右,2011及2012年报告发病率有了大幅上升,各省、市、区发病率存在较大差异。主要发病人群为15岁以下儿童;大多数省份发病曲线有两个高峰。全球腮腺炎疫苗的研制经历了灭活疫苗、减毒活疫苗及联合疫苗三个阶段,我国目前使用的主要是麻疹-腮腺炎-风疹三联疫苗,免疫程序为18月龄接种1剂次。芬兰、美国等国家实施2剂次免疫程序,免疫效果较好。针对目前我国流行性腮腺炎的发病情况建议实施2剂次的免疫程序。

Mumps is a common acute respiratory infectious disease Its incidence is increasing recently in China. The reported incidence of mumps in China fluctuated around 220.00/100 K since 2004, while it increased significantly in 2011 and 2012. There were great differences in different provinces, cities and districts. The main incidence population of mumps was childen under 15 years old. There are two epidemic peaks in most provinces. The development of the global mumps vaccine experienced three stages： inactivated vaccine, deactivated vaccine and combined vaccine. Measles-mumps-rubella vaccine was extensively used in China and it was vaccinated once dose at the age of 18 months. In Finland, the United States and other countries it was vaccinated twice dose and the immunization effect was better. According to the incidence of mumps, twice dose immunization procedure should be recommended.