国外多雇主集体谈判的理论、实践及对中国的启示

Theory and Practice of Multi-Employer Bargaining and Its Inspiration for China

国外多雇主谈判在稳定劳动关系、扩大集体谈判覆盖面、统一劳动标准方面发挥了重要作用。在理论层面,本文从交易成本理论、谈判力量理论、垄断市场理论和工资溢价理论,对国外多雇主谈判的产生进行了梳理和解释。在实践层面,本文通过文献综述分析了影响多雇主谈判发展的主要决定因素,并对英国、法国、美国和瑞典四国的多雇主谈判的发展、实践及特征进行了总结。最后,本文建议从加强国家立法与集体协商的关联性和互动性、探索建立集体协议的推广适用机制以及大力培育雇主组织三个方面,推动中国行业多雇主集体协商的发展。

In developed countries, the role of multi-employer bargaining has proved important in stabilizing labor relations, expanding collective bargaining coverage and standardizing labor norms. From a theoretical perspective, this paper provides an explanation on the development of multi-employer bargaining through a review of transaction theory, bargaining power theory, market monopoly theory and wage premium theory. From a practical perspective, through a literature review, the paper offers an overall analysis of the determining factors in multi-employer bargaining, and summarizes the development as well as the characteristics of the multi-employer bargaining system in the UK, France, the US and Sweden. The conclusion proposes further promotion of sectoral multi-employer bargaining in China in three areas including enhancing the interaction between legislation and collective agreements, setting up an extension mechanism and cultivating employers＇ organizations