中学生徒手心肺复苏掌握现状及培训效果分析

The situation and training effectiveness of hands only cardiopulmonary resuscitation in middle school students

目的分析中学生对徒手心肺复苏急救知识掌握现状及培训效果。方法采取随机分层整群抽样的原则，抽取长沙市15所中学的7687名中学生，通过现场理论授课和模拟人现场操作相结合的方式对中学生进行心肺复苏知识的培训。培训的内容包括CPR抢救对象、怎么判断患者需要进行CPR、多长时间可引起大脑不可逆损伤、2010年心肺复苏的标准化流程、胸外按压的部位、胸外按压的深度及心脏按压与人工呼吸的比例7个关于徒手心肺复苏的知识点。分析培训前后中学生对徒手心肺复苏知识点的知晓率，问卷调查中学生接受急救知识培训的意愿和途径。结果7687名学生进行了培训和问卷调查，其中男生3778名（49．15％），女生3909名（50．48％）。中学生获取急救知识的主要途径为书本，其次为电视、网络和学校。培训前，徒手心肺复苏的7个知识点中，中学生对徒手心肺复苏抢救对象和心脏按压部位的知晓率超过50％，其他知识点知晓率均低于50％。通过培训，中学生对徒手心肺复苏知识点知晓率均提高到了75％以上，培训前后各知识点知晓率的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论长沙市15所学校中学生对徒手心肺复苏的知识严重匮乏，通过现场授课和模拟人操作的培训，中学生对徒手心肺复苏知识的知晓率明显提高。

Objective To investigate the situation of hands only cardiopulmonary resuscitation （CPR） and training effectiveness of CPR in middle school students. Methods By the principle of random stratified cluster sampling,7 687 middle school students in Changsha city were trained on hands only CPR through the scene theory teaching and anthropomorphic dummy in this study. The training content included who was rescued by CPR, when patients require CPR, how long can cause irreversible brain damage, the standardized process of CPR, the position of CPR, the depth of CPR, and the ratios of breath-to-compression. We analyzed the middle school students＇ awareness of hands only CPR knowledge before and after the training,investigated the middle school students＇ willingness and way to accept knowledge of first aid. Results All of 7 687 middle school students in Changsha city received questionnaire survey and trained on hands only CPR,including 3 778（49. 15% ） boys and 3 909 girls（50. 48% ）. The knowledge of hands only CPR was mainly derived from the book, television, network, and education from schools. Before training, the awareness rates of the knowledge on who was rescued by CPR and the position of CPR were more than 50%, and the awareness rates on the rest of knowledge were less than 50%. The awareness rates on hands only CPR were more than 75% by training, which were significantly increased compared with those before training （P 〈 0. 01 ）. Condusion The knowledge on hands only CPR is very scarce in middle school students in Changsha city, and the awareness on hands only CPR can be significantly improved by the scene theory teaching and anthrooomorohic dummy.