唐代前量词“道”的产生和发展

Research on the Origin and Development of the Classifier“Tao”in Early Tang Dynasty

名词"道"的本义是"道路",最晚于汉末虚化为量词,魏晋南北朝时期泛化,唐代时基本成熟。作为名量词,其发展过程依循两条主线:由[+交通]语义特征发展而来,计量文书和桥梁等具有通行功能的具体事物;由[+细长状]形状特征发展而来,计量形状上具有细长特征的事物,包括具体事物和抽象事物。本文采用历时与共时相结合的方法,运用认知语言学知识,描写量词"道"在唐代之前(包括唐代)的情况,探究其发展规律。

Classifeir ＂Tao＂comes from its original meaning of ＂a road＂, which starts to be virtual inthe end of Han dynasty, which generalizes in Wen Jin Southern and Northern dynasties. It has been developed maturely in Tang dynasty. As classifier, its development follows two main lines. First, it can measure specific things, including instruments and bridges by their traffic semantic measures. Second, following slender shape features, it can measure slender shape things, including specific things and abstract things. This thesis adopts the method of combination the diachronic and synchronic andusing knowledge of cognitive linguistics to describe the history and current status of classifier ＂Tao＂ in order to explore its development regulations.