论汉语内、外轻动词的分布与诠释

On the Distribution and Interpretation of Inner and Outer Light Verbs in Chinese

文章从制图理论(Cartographic Approach)的观点出发,主张汉语的轻动词(light verb)应分内、外两类:外轻动词与事件(event)层次的使事性(causality)有关,而内轻动词则跟动作(activity)层次的与事性(comitativity)有关。这点与疑问状语及反身状语的内外之别有异曲同工之妙,充分反映了所谓诠释高度(the height of interpretation)的理念思维。文章接着进入扩大验证的阶段,将内、外轻动词的用法串连起来,从句法移位的角度探讨使事、与事、被动及蒙事(affectivity)之间密切的互动关系,明确呈现出动词组一路延伸至句子左缘的立体地形图。这不但是汉语类型特色的终极展示,也是以层系结构来分析语法化进程的绝佳素材。

This paper distinguishes two types of Chinese light verbs from the vantage point of the cartographic approach： Outer light verbs mainly involve causality on the eventuality level, whereas inner light verbs are related to comitativity on the activity level. This distinction has a deep conceptual connection to the inner-outer dichotomy between reflexive and wh-adverbials, which in turn is taken to reflect the so-called ＂the height of interpretation＂. The next step is to test our theory on empirical grounds by stringing inner and outer light verbs together in one sentence, and by investigating the intriguing relationship among causative, comitative, passive and affective construals. This move enables us to establish an explicit topography from the lexical layer to the left periphery of Chinese sentential structure. What we find in this study not only demonstrates the unique typological features of Chinese, but also provides excellent materials for a hierarchical analysis of grammaticalization within the framework of generative grammar.