作为主观性标记的“给”——兼论句法标记说的不足

“Gei”as Subjectivity Marker:Remarks on the Deficiencies of “gei” as Syntactic Marker

关于现代汉语中出现在VP前的"给",近年来涌现了几种相持不下的句法标记说:受影响标记说、被动标记说、中动标记说及逆动化标记说。然而种种句法定位均显得不尽如人意,究其根本在于忽视了"给"所传递的受动/受影响义并非客观存在,而是基于说话者的主观认定。有鉴于此,文章将其处理为一个纯粹的主观性标记,其功能在于表达说话者的移情。此种定位不仅可就"给"的句法语义属性做出更好的概括,还可就"给"与"把"、"被"的共现问题做出统一而经济的解释。

With regard to the particuiar ＂gei＂（给） appearing immediately before VP in modern Chinese, there has sprung up several competing claims of ＂gei＂ as a syntactic marker, such as an affectedness marker, a passive voice marker, a middle voice marker, an antipassivization marker. However, there remains much to be desired for all the syntactic claims. The fundamental reason lies in their neglect of the fact that the undergoing/affectedness import of ＂gei＂ is not objectively given, but subjectively attributed by the speaker. This motivates us to treat ＂gei＂ as a pure subjectivity marker, serving to mark the speaker＇s empathy. Arguably, this account not only gives a better account of the syntactic and semantic properties of ＂gei＂, but also provides a unified and economical account of its cooccurrence with ＂ba＂ and ＂bei＂.