复杂性状遗传CC小鼠--肿瘤研究新平台

Collaborative Cross mice as a novel platform in cancer research

癌症是由于机体细胞失去正常调控过度增殖而引发的一系列复杂性状疾病的统称,其本质上是一种基因疾病。用于传统肿瘤小鼠模型的重组近交(RI)品系由于只起源于两个近交祖系,因此规模小且等位基因多样性较少,在统计功效上存在局限性。复杂性状遗传(Collaborative Cross mice,CC)小鼠是由来自八个原始种系近交产生的数百种基因型不同的小鼠品系,能够体现不同小鼠亚种的遗传学变异,具有高遗传多样性,大种群规模等重要特征。它可以模拟人类复杂性状疾病中不同人群对病因或治疗方法个体易感性的差异,为促进复杂性状疾病易感基因筛查、基因功能发现等方面的研究提供了一个更好的研究工具与信息平台。本文就CC小鼠在医学应用中的研究现状、挑战性与局限性、以及其在肿瘤研究中的应用前景进行综述。

Cancer is a general term of a series of complex traits of the disease triggered by the body cells losing their normal regulation of excessive proliferation,which essentially is a genetic disease. Recombinant inbred strain（ RI）mouse generated from one pair of founders has been widely used in traditional tumor model. However,RI has many limitations on the statistic efficiency because of the small scale and lacking of allele diversity. The Collaborative Cross（ CC） was designed to generate hundreds of recombinant inbred lines by 8 divergent strains of mice. CC mice embody a tremendous amount of natural genetic variation in different sub-strains of mouse and the single nucleotide polymorphism is four times of the traditional experimental mice. The high-genetic diversity and large scale population enables CC mice simulates the differences of individual susceptibility to the pathogeny or the therapies,thus provides a better research tool and information platform for expediting discovery of genes and genes function in human complex traits diseases. This review summarizes our current knowledge of this field,including methodologic aspects,applications,challenges and limitations,and utilization for cancer research.