库存量影响需求的反向条件延期付款订货策略

An Ordering Policy with Inventory-level-dependent Demand Rate Under Reversed Conditionally Delay in Payments

以现实中实物商品供应链的商业信用额度限制为背景,给出了一种新的条件延期还款策略。假设需求率从到货开始线性依赖于即时库存量,直到库存水平到达一个确定的值Qs后,需求率变为常数。为防止零售商大量订货造成供应商资金的过度占用,供应商采用反向条件延期付款策略,即零售商在订货量小于等于某个确定值Q1时,可以延迟支付货款;反之,则必须立即支付所有货款。通过分析给出了该问题所有可能的决策区间,整理出零售商利润函数的四种不同形式,结合数学证明得到了每个目标函数的解析性质并给出了相应的命题,由此设计了求解步骤以有效地确定零售商的最优决策。数值算例表明在这种决策情境下零售企业完全可能主动放弃延时还款而增加订货量以获得更大的利润,由此得到一些有价值的管理启示。

A new conditionally permissible delay in payments policy is presented based on the real business context of credit limit in the physical commodity supply chain. It is assumed that the demand rate at any instant linearly depends on the on-hand inventory till that instant down to a certain stock level Q1, and then it becomes constant for the remaining period of the cycle. To avoid the problem of high occupation of current capital caused by the retailer＇ s sizeable order, the supplier offers a reversed conditionally delay in payments terms to the retailer, that is, the retailer can enjoy the credit period offered by his/her supplier if the order is less than or equal to a predetermined quantity Q1 ; otherwise, he/she should pay the full purchase amount immediately. After analyzing all the possible decision intervals, four forms of the objective functions of the retailer are established to maximize the total profit per unit time, and the properties of the objective functions are derived to develop several useful propositions under every scenario, then the solution procedure is designed to efficiently find the optimal ordering cycle of the considered problem. Upon the theoretical analysis results, numerical examples are conducted to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed model, it is shown that the retailer do have the possibility to give up the credit period voluntarily and increase ordering quantity to seek more profits in this decision-making context, managerial insights are also inferred from these analysis results.