从现代文学看中国小说结构的“圆相”基因——兼论中国文学传统基因的现代演化与创变

On the “Circle Phase” Gene of Chinese Novel Structure from the View of Modern Fictions——Discussion on Modern Evolvement and Innovation of Traditional Gene in Chinese Literature

中国现代小说虽然已深受西方文学创作的影响,但其文学内核深处却仍潜隐着中国古典小说三种不同的"圆相"结构基因:天道推人道,天地境界与人间事态相呼应的叙事元始;反复非重复,代代延伸与止于突围相纠绕的命运"回环";大浪伏小浪,中心事件与整体情节相宛转的同心展续。通过分析中国现代小说经典文本,论证了中国小说结构"圆相"基因的现代演化及其创变特征:从浑整的生命之"圆"到残缺的生命之"圆";从单一的"圆形"结构到多维立体复杂结构;从文学秩序的构建过程看,"圆相流转"的架构方式更多已成为小说创作隐在的叙事美学特色。可见,中国现代小说通过吸收外来文化精要,在冲破束缚已久的传统桎梏之同时,已开辟鸿蒙,重获新生,在其古今嬗变中,中国现代小说亦用现代创造性的智慧开掘了中国传统文化的巨大宝藏。

Chinese classical novels mostly run a deep structure ＂Round Form＂ . However, modern novels are deeply affected by western literature and thus have been actively moving closer to the western literature in the novel narrative structure. Still, a lot of modern novels hide some kind of ＂Round Form Flow＂ in structure. The Round Form gene of modern novels are not only reflected in the narrate origin that heaven makes humanity and frame structure embraces the whole article, but also reflected in the circling structure of interlocking and narrative repetition, and concentric renewal with layer waves triggered via central event. By analyzing a group of Chinese modern and contemporary novels, this paperdemonstrates the structure of the Chinese novel ＂circle＂ the modern evolution of genes and change seems to be found, and shows the following salient features ： from muddy ＂circle＂ of the whole life to the imperfect ＂circle＂ of life ; from the structure of a single ＂circle＂ to multi-dimensional three-dimensional complex structure; ＂circular flow＂ style of novel architecture becomes the narrative aesthetic characteristics of the fiction writing.