锅炉爆管原因分析

Cause analysis of boiler tube explosion

由于锅炉水冷壁爆管在锅炉本体事故中所占比例较大,故对此进行分析。造成锅炉爆管事故的主要原因包括水处理控制不良、水处理药剂选择不当、结构设计不合理和运行维护不当。通过运用传热学的基本理论,阐述了水循环、过冷沸腾和水垢的产生对锅筒壁温的影响;根据金属材料学对鼓包部位进行金相分析可知,锅炉爆管的主要原因是短期超温服役。提出了在锅炉实际运行过程中应该特别关注的几个问题,并在使用和维护方面提出改进意见,以保证锅炉的安全运行。

The proportion of water cooling wall tube explosion was relatively large in accidents of boiler,and the cause was analyzed. The reasons mainly included the poor control of water treatment,the improper selection of water treatment agents,the unreasonable structure design and improper operating maintenance. The influence of water circulation,subcooled boiling and scale formation on the temperature of boiler wall was illustrated based on fundamental theory of heat transfer. The metallographic analysis of swelling positions was conducted according to the metal material science. It was found that the boiler tube explosion was mainly caused by short-term overtemperature service. Several questions in actual operation of boiler,which should be paid attention particularly,were proposed. The suggestions in use and maintenance were also proposed to guarantee the safe operation of boiler.