基于空间句法的广场空间拥挤模式分析——以上海外滩滨水区为例

CROWD MODEL ANALYSIS OF SQUARE SPACE BASED ON SPACE SYNTAX: A CASE STUDY OF THE BUND WATERFRONT,SHANGHAI

"空间句法"是一套分析场所空间结构的理论,其分析方法主要有轴线法、凸状法和视域法.尽管近年来空间句法理论被广泛用于城市规划与建筑设计等领域,但对视域法的研究尚处于起步阶段,同时国内也缺乏用空间句法对广场空间结构的研究.以上海外滩滨江区为例,首先利用视域分析方法研究外滩滨水区的空间结构;其次从空间结构角度,结合智能体的人流模拟,来探讨导致外滩拥挤踩踏事故的空间因素,找出容易出现人流聚集的隐患区域;最后,提出了游客分流等方案,来弱化外滩滨水区内游客的局部空间聚集.与基于大数据的分析相比,基于视域法则的Agent模拟具备可重复性实验的预测前景;此外,对广场空间的研究丰富了空间句法尤其是视域分析的研究对象.

Space syntax is a theory to analyze space construction, including axial analysis, convex analysis and visual graphical analysis. Although this theory has been widely used in the area of urban planning and architecture designing in recent years, the research on VGA （Visual Graphical Analysis） has just started, while there is a lack of study on square space construction with this method. Taking the Bund Waterfront as an example, this article firstly figured out the space construction there with the method of VGA ; secondly, combining with agents flow imitation, the author discussed the space factor leading to the congestion incident to find out the potential area which maybe come to crowd from space view; finally, a shunt project was proposed in case to weaken tourists＇ local gathering in the Bund Waterfront area. Other than the big data analysis, this article which uses visual-rulebased agent simulation is of repeatable imitation; furthermore, the research scope of space syntax, especially VGA, has been expanded from this article.