鱼油乙酯的制备·纯化及降血脂功效的研究

Preparation and Purification of Fish Oil Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters and Their Effects on Blood Lipid Reduction

[目的]研究鱼油乙酯的制备、纯化及其降血脂功效。[方法]以鱼油为原料,采用碱催化制备了鱼油乙酯,优化了条件并对其进行纯化,将产品配成饲料进行动物试验,研究其降血脂功效。[结果]试验表明,乙醇-鱼油6∶1（摩尔比）,反应温度75℃,反应时间2h,碱催化剂Na OH加入量为油重的0.30%;在此条件下鱼油脂肪酸乙酯得率最高,经分子蒸馏后达95%;硝酸银最佳浓度为75%,提取得到的二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）总浓度96%~99%;高含量EPA和DHA鱼油能够显著降低小鼠血清中的总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）浓度,提高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）浓度,可有效改善高脂血症小鼠的血脂水平。[结论]研究可为鱼油的深加工开发利用提供参考。

[Objective] To study the preparation and purification of fish oil fatty acid ethyl esters and their effects on blood lipid reduction.[Method]Fish oil fatty acid ethyl esters were made from fish oil by base catalysis and purified,and the conditions for the ethyl esters production were optimized. Effects of high levels of eicosapentaenoic acid（ EPA） and docosahexaenoic acid（ DHA） on blood lipid reduction were studied. [Result] The optimum conditions for ethyl esters production were shown as follows： the molar ratio of ethanol to fish oil was 6∶ 1; reaction temperature was 75 ℃; reaction time was 2 h; Na OH concentration was 0. 30%. After molecular distillation,the yield of the ethyl esters was up to 95% under the optimum conditions. DHA and EPA were extracted by silver nitrate-water method,and total content of DHA and EPA was up to 96%- 99% when Ag NO3 concentration was 75%. High levels of DHA and EPA significantly decreased the contents of serum total cholesterol（ TC）,triglyceride（ TG） and low density lipoprotein cholesterin（ LDL-C） and improved the content of high density lipoprotein cholesterin（ HDL-C）,which indicating that high levels of DHA and EPA could improve the disturbance of blood lipid on hyperlipidemia mice. [Conclusion] The study can provide scientific references for the deep processing,exploitation and utilization of fish oil.