我国白酒产业发展方式转型研究

The Transformation of Development Mode of China's Liquor Industry

加快工业转型升级是我国优化产业结构和转变经济发展方式的重中之重。白酒行业一直以来都是国民经济的重要行业,但是在发展过程中,面临着资源环境约束趋紧、生产要素成本压力加大、国内市场需求下滑、外部竞争激烈等巨大挑战。行业近年的高增长主要是依靠数量扩张,是典型的粗放式发展模式,不仅造成产能过剩严重、质量问题频发、技术创新不足,而且行业中企业体制和机制难以适应国内外市场竞争的需要,行业发展不稳定、起伏波动剧烈。因此,白酒行业迫切需要加快转变发展方式。同时,推进白酒产业发展方式转变也面临着旧体制的依赖症、经营模式滞后、产业组织低效等诸多困境。为此,需要从三个层面着手推进白酒产业发展方式转型。首先,政府需要主动放权,从而为企业和行业改革提供宽松的体制环境和有效的市场环境;第二,在产业层面,需要通过产业政策顶层设计、完善相关公共服务平台等措施推动技术创新和优化产业组织结构;第三,企业需要通过体制改革完善治理机制和治理结构,创新经营模式,为以技术创新为推动力的集约型发展方式转变创造条件,并且借助国际竞争来促进行业发展方式转型。

Promoting industrial restructuring and upgrading is the top priority of transformation of economic development mode. Liquor industry has always been an important sector of the national economy, but it faces many big challenges in the development process, such as scarcity of resources, environmental destruction, price inflation of production factors, declining of domestic demand. In recent years, liquor industry has experienced rapid growth as well, but its growth mainly relies on quantitative expansion. It is a typical extensive mode of industry development, which not only causes serious overcapacity, some product quality problems, and lack of technological innovation, but also leads to the enterprise system and mechanism difficulty of adapting to domestic and international market competition, industry instability, and violent fluctuations. Thus,the liquor industry urgently needs to accelerate the transformation of industrial development mode. Meanwhile,it is also facing dependency of the old system, business model lag, inefficient industrial organization, and many other difficulties in the process of promoting the development mode. For these reasons, it is believed that it is necessary to promote the liquor industry development mode transformation from three dimensions. Firstly, the governments need to cut the authority in their hands voluntarily to provide effective market environment for the reforms of enterprise and industry. Secondly, it is necessary to perform top-level design of industrial policy and improve the related public service platform and other measures from industry level to promote technological innovation and optimize the industrial organization structure. Finally, liquor companies need to improve governance mechanisms and optimize governance structures and innovative business model to create good conditions for the transformation of intensive development pattern. At the same time, liquor companies need to actively participate in international competition to speed up the transformation of industrial development mode.