方东树“一佛、二祖、五宗”论

On Fang Dongshu's View of “One Buddha,Two Progenitors and Five Schools of Poetic Thought”

方东树的"一佛、二祖、五宗"之说,概括了七言古诗自杜甫至陆游之间的流变过程,是对前人七古诗歌史认识的深刻总结,虽然只涉七古一体,但由此揭示了桐城派诗歌史论的特点,即以"诗文一理"观念为基础,以古文理论为视角来诠释传统诗歌史,由此形成了具有桐城文派特色的传统诗歌发展史,同时借助对诗歌史具体而微的诠释,揭示了诗歌创作的正确途径。这一提法貌似推崇宋诗,实则熔铸唐宋,是对清代唐宋诗之争的有力回应。

Fang Dongshu advanced the view of ＂one Buddha,two progenitors and five schools of poetic thought＂,thus epitomizing the evolution process of the old-style seven-character poetry from the era of Du Fu to that of Lu You and profoundly summarizing the previous understanding of the history of the old-style seven-character poetry. While it involved only the seven-character poetry,Fang＇s idea reveals the characteristics of Tongcheng school＇s view on the poetic history,i. e. an interpretation of the history of traditional poetry from the perspective of ancient Chinese prose theory based on the concept of＂the equality between＂poetry and prose＂,thereby forming the development history of traditional poetry with characteristics of Tongcheng school as well as revealing the proper approach to poetic creation by way of minute annotations of the poetic history. In short,Fang＇s view,seemingly a praise of Ci poems in the Song Dynasty but virtually an eulogy of poetic writings in Tang and Song dynasties,is a powerful response to the dispute as to the excellence of respective poetic writing in Tang and Song dynasties in the Qing Dynasty.