德性伦理学的回归及其现实困境——麦金太尔美德伦理学探析

An Analysis of Maclntyre's Virtue Ethics

谈到当代德性伦理学,麦金太尔思想是不可回避的。他论证了规范伦理学、情感主义伦理学在道德问题上的失败,对当代西方道德危机产生的根源进行了深刻的批判与反思。正是因为这些失败,才引发了当代社会道德危机。他主张以亚里士多德的目的论体系为基础,从实践、个人的整体性、传统三个方面向传统美德回归。但是在现实生活中,外在利益的诱惑总是超过了美德的诱惑。关于外在利益与内在利益的如何统一问题;个体的德性与幸福的统一问题;在不同的文化传统引起的冲突中,如何克服非理性因素,实现共同的人类之善的问题,都需要进一步的扩展和探讨。

Alasdair Mac Intyre＇s thought is inevitable and fundamental with respect to contemporary virtue ethics,for he has proved the failure of normative ethics and emotional ethics in morality while criticizing and reflecting on the origin of contemporary Western moral crisis. It is just these failures that have led to contemporary social crises. In his view,efforts should be made to return to traditional virtue in three perspectives—practice,individual integrity,and tradition—on the basis of Aristotle＇s teleology system. However,the temptation of external interests tend exceeds that of virtue in reality. Thus,efforts need to be made to further analyze and approach such issues as how to unify external interests with internal interests,how to unify individual virtues and well-being,and how to overcome irrational components and realize the common good of human beings in the conflict of different culture traditions,etc.