语言认同冲突刍议——以中亚五国的国语、官方语言、通用语言为例

On the Language Identity Conflict——A Case Study of the National Language,Official Language and Lingua Franca in Five Countries of Central Asia

文章以中亚五国为例,梳理和列举了这些国家当前的国语、官方语言和通用语言,从历史的角度深入分析了造成这些国家国语地位不强、官方语言和通用语言复杂的历史原因;从社会语言学的角度指出了多种(民)族的国家往往双语或多语并存,各语种之间互相竞争;国语、官方语言和通用语言的选择实际上反映的是国际性语言和地区性语言、外来语言和本土语言、大国语言和本族语言、强势语言和弱势语言的综合博弈;国语、官方语言和通用语言存在着理想和现实的冲突。

This paper probes into the historical causes for the weak status of the national language and the complexity of the official language and the lingua franca in five countries of central Asia from the historical perspective by systematizing and enumerating their current respective national language,official language and lingua franca. Moreover,an analysis is also made of the reasons for the co-existence of bilingualism or multilingualism in multi-racial（ people） countries and for the reciprocal contention among various languages from the perspective of sociolinguistics. The selection of the national language,the official language and the lingua franca is actually reflective of the comprehensive competition between the international language and the regional language,between the foreign language and native language,between the language of some big powers and the native language,and between the strong language and the weak language. Some conflicts between the ideal and reality can be discerned among the national language,the official language and the lingua franca.