2014年鹤山市某塑料制管厂作业工人的血铅和ZPP水平调查

Surveillance of blood lead and blood zinc level in exposed workers in a plastic pipe factory in Heshan in 2014

目的了解鹤山市某塑料制管厂作业工人的血铅和红细胞ZPP水平,为制定防止厂内铅污染、保护工人健康提供科学依据。方法采集鹤山市某塑料制管厂2014年的258名作业工人静脉血,血铅、ZPP分别用AA-6300原子吸收分光光度计、ZPP-3800血液锌原卟啉测定仪进行测定。结果 258名作业工人血铅水平为6.2μg/L^658.3μg/L,中位数为144.2μg/L,超过400μg/L的有35人,超过600μg/L的有18人,超标率为6.98%;ZPP的检测水平为0.16μmol/L^3.87μmol/L,中位数为0.95μmol/L,超过2.91μmol/L的有24人,超标率为9.30%。随着工龄的增加,各工龄组血铅水平和ZPP水平均有不同程度的升高;男、女铅作业工人血铅和红细胞ZPP含量均有相关性(r值分别为0.916、0.824,P<0.01)。结论鹤山市某塑料制管厂作业工人职业性铅中毒检出率不算高,但不能太乐观,企业必须采取有效的职业病防治措施,预防控制铅中毒发生,改善作业环境,革新工艺,防患于未然。

Objective To understand the blood lead and blood zinc levels in exposed workers in a plastic pipe factory in Heshan,so as to provide scientific basis for preventing lead pollution from the factory and protecting the health of workers.Methods Venous blood samples were collected from 258 lead exposed workers in a plastic pipe factory in Heshan.Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was adopted to determine blood lead level,and blood zinc levels were determined with ZPP-3800 blood zinc protoporphyrin apparatus.Results The blood lead level of 258 workers were within 6.2 μg/L-658.3 μg/L（median 144.2 μg/L）,and the blood lead level of 35 workers were over 400 μg/L,and that of 18 workers（6.98%） were over 600 μg/L,with the exceeding rate of 6.98%.The blood zinc level was within 0.16 μmol/L-3.87 μmol/L（median 0.95 μmol/L）,and24 workers（9.30%） were over the 2.91 μmol/L.With the increase length of working service,the levels of blood lead and zinc in different working group also increased.The result showed correlations between blood lead level and blood zinc on male and female workers.Conclusion The detection rate of occupation lead polluting in a plastic pipe factory in Heshan is not high,but we can not be optimistic.The enterprise should take effective measure to prevent and control occupational diseases and improve manufacturing technique and working environment in case of any occurrance.