原油电脱盐脱水新技术研究和应用进展

Research & application progress of electrostatic desalting & dehydration technologies

介绍了以高速电脱盐、脱水技术,双进油双电场电脱盐、脱水技术,超声波辅助破乳电脱盐、脱水技术为代表的电脱新技术的理论研究和应用情况。高速电脱盐技术适用于轻质和中质原油的大处理量电脱盐、脱水过程,但对重质油品的适应性较差;双进油双电场技术适用于重质劣质原油的大处理量电脱盐、脱水过程,也适用于老旧装置产能提升和适应原油劣质化重质化的改造;超声波辅助破乳技术具有脱盐、脱水效率高、节省破乳剂的特点,但还有很多理论问题尚未解决,限制了其应用。分析了电脱盐、脱水技术为适应炼油装置大型化、油品重质化和劣质化、电源高效节能、电脱盐协同脱金属等领域的技术发展趋势。

Here introduced are the theoretical research and commercial application of the state-of-art high-velocity electrostatic desalting and dehydration technologies,dual oil inlets ＆ dual electric fields desalting and dehydration process,and ultrasonic-assisted demulsification electrostatic desahing and dehydration technology.High-velocity electrostatic desalting technology is good for light ＆ medium crude oil,but poor for heavy oil;Dual oil inlets ＆ dual electrostatic desalting technology is effective for processing of the heavy ＆ inferior crude oil at higher capacity and also applicable to upgrading revamping of existing units and unit revamping for processing heavier inferior crudes oils;Ultrasonic-assisted demulsification process is high in desalting and dehydration efficiencies and saved in demulsifier requirement.But a number of theoretical issues have to be solved which limit the application.The development trend of electrostatic desalting and dehydration technologies is prospected,such as adaptability to larger petroleum refinery capacity,heavier and inferior crude oil to be processed,high-efficiency and energy-saving power supply,and electrostatic desalting synergistic with metal removal.