“吏”与“诗”:宋代诗坛流行话题之一——以南宋为中心

Official and Poetry: One of the Popular Topics in the Poetic Circle of the Southern Song Dynasty

唐宋时期,由科举制度造就的进士官员阶层,多为娴熟诗赋之辈。但吟咏之"余事"与日常之"职事"难免冲突相妨,一方面,诗歌既可消解"吏尘""俗氛",缘饰"吏事""俗务";另一方面,簿书狱讼之困、驰鹜应酬之劳不免滞塞诗思,给诗人带来烦扰。至南宋中后期,选人改官困难、举子科场失利等因素,导致诗人与官员、诗歌与科举的疏离,诗人群体分化,"诗人"意识自觉。从"作吏"与"作诗"的对立,从"官本位"到"诗人本位"的转换,从城市州府至江湖乡村,可以窥见南宋诗人避俗趋雅的文化心态与诗坛风气的转向。

In the Tang and Song dynasties,the Jinshi＇s,officials created by the imperial examination system,were proficient in making poetry. But chanting poems was in constant conflict with their everyday duty. On the one hand,poem-making helps dispel the worldly and vulgar atmosphere in the official arena; on the other hand,the difficulties in handling lawsuits and litigations and the frequent engagement in social activities inevitably bother the poets by encumbering their poetic train of thoughts. In the later Southern Song dynasty,such factors as the difficulties in selecting officials and the failures in the imperial examination lead to the alienation between poets and officials and between poetry and imperial examination,hence the divergence of poets and poets＇ consciousness. From the opposition of ＂being an official＂and ＂being a poet＂,the conversion from ＂official standard＂to ＂poet standard＂,from the capital city to towns and villages,people can get a glimpse of the cultural mentality of the poets trying to avoid the vulgar atmosphere and pursue the refinement in poetry,and the steering of the poetic world in the Southern Song dynasty.