家庭农场:发育现状、实践困境及制度创新——基于西充县土地适度规模经营及产业扶贫的调查

Family Farms:Development Situation Present,Practice Predicament and the Institutional Innovation——Investigation on Appropriate Scale Operation of Agricultural Land and Industrial Poverty Alleviation of Xichong County

家庭农场是转变农业生产方式、培育新型经营主体、促进农民脱贫致富的重要改革举措。笔者基于西充县土地适度规模经营及产业扶贫的调查,理性分析家庭农场对土地适度规模经营和农民脱贫的耦合逻辑关系。研究结果表明:农地制度不健全,土地流转难度大,家庭农场发展受限,农业经营管理人才匮乏,成为土地适度规模经营和家庭农场发展的瓶颈;农业金融保险服务供给不足,农业信息化建设速度缓慢,社会服务体系不健全等,是西部欠发达丘陵地区家庭农场发展面临的主要问题。为了有效解决这些问题,笔者提出以下四种举措:健全土地管理制度,促进土地适度流转;推进农业职业教育,培养新型职业农民;创新农业金融保险服务体系,加大惠农信贷保险支持力度;加快农业信息化建设步伐,构建农业社会化服务体系。以此推进土地适度规模经营与家庭农场的发展,为当前我国培育和发展家庭农场提供有益借鉴。

Family farm is the reform measures of transformating agricultural production,cultivating new business entities and promoting the local farmers out of poverty to get rich.Basing on the survey of Xichong county appropriate scale operation of agricultural land and industrial poverty alleviatiot,the author analyzes rationally that family farm has the coupling logic relationship between the appropriate operation of agricultural land and farmers out of poverty under family farm.The studies show that the following factors become the bottleneck of the appropriate scale operation of agricultural land and family farm development：agricultural land system imperfect,the land transfer difficult,and the family farms development limited;the seriously lack of management talent in agriculture.Meanwhile the author founds that there are the main problems that underdeveloped hilly region in the west of China facing with when they develop their family farms：inadequate supply of agricultural finance and insurance services;slowly construction in agricultural information and the unsound social service system.In order to solve those problems above,the author puts forward four issues below：improving the system of agricultural land actively to promote land transformation properly;stimulating agricultural vocational education to train new occupation farmers;creating system of financial to insure services in agricultural innovation and to increase the benefits of agricultural support in credit insurance;speeding up the construction of agricultural information to build an agricultural society service system and other measures,so we can advance the appropriate operation of agricultural land and family farms development.It can provide a useful reference to the cultivation and development of our country＇s family farms.