高山草地放养牧鸡行为特性

Behavior of foraging chickens in alpine rangeland

2011年6-9月对青脚麻放养牧鸡在晴天、阴天和雨天的取食、游走、静息、啄羽、土浴、攻击、求偶等行为进行连续观察.结果表明：牧鸡日行为存在一定的差异,其中日出前后和傍晚牧鸡主要行为选择漫步行走,而中午时段表现土浴和求偶的牧鸡占比较大.在高山草地有47%～86%的牧鸡选择捕食和行走为主要行为.不同气候条件和季节下牧鸡行为表达有明显不同.晴天牧鸡行为中捕食、行走、静息、土浴、攻击和啄羽均有表达,雨天牧鸡主要选择行走、静息、啄羽和捕食.牧鸡行为表达方式随自身成长和季节变化也有很大差异,牧鸡行走行为表现为6月最多,9月最小,啄羽行为也观察到类似的表达趋势。攻击和求偶行为的牧鸡比例表现为6-9月持续增加的趋势.在8、9月,牧鸡发育成熟后观测到表达求偶和攻击行为.高山草地牧鸡行为表达是牧鸡对其自身生长发育阶段,大气温、湿度以及草地蝗虫数量和活动性等因子能动性适应的反映.

The behavior of foraging chicken including feeding,walking,resting,soil bathing,preening,attacking and courtships have been studied during the periods from June to September in 2011.The results indicated that there were obvious differences between daily behaviors of foraging chicken.The walking mainly occurred in hours before sunrise and after sunset,and most of the foraging chicken represented soil bathing and courtship during the midday.Feeding and walking were the two main behaviors that about 47%to 86%of total chicken chose in their daily behaviors.The behaviors of foraging chicken varied between months and various weather conditions.The behaviors,such as feeding,walking,resting,soil bathing and preening,can be observed under sunny condition in the whole experimental periods,but the percentage of foraging chicken formatting all kinds of behaviors varied with different months.The percentage of foraging chicken that performed attacking and courtship continually increased from June to September and were not affected by weather conditions.The formatting behaviors of foraging chicken in certain environment and weather condition was an actively respond of chicken to their development stage,environmental temperature,humidity and grasshopper population.