机场搬运作业人员下背痛工效学因素分析

Analysis of ergonomic factors for low back pain among airport baggage handlers

目的调查某机场行李货物搬运作业人员肌肉骨骼疾患患病情况,探讨影响机场搬运作业人员下背痛(LBP)的工效学因素。方法选取某机场在职行李货物搬运作业人员383人为研究对象,采用自主研发的《肌肉骨骼损伤问卷》调查损伤情况,职业紧张调查参考工作内容量表(JCQ)中的部分内容,采取横断面调查,对可能影响作业人员下背痛的不同因素进行单因素χ2检验和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果机场行李货物搬运作业人员下背痛的总患病率为62.7%。按α=0.05水平,Logistic回归分析结果显示影响机场行李货物搬运作业人员下背痛患病风险的6个因素均有统计学意义,其中5个危险因素:背部弯曲幅度、经常转身、弯腰同时转身、劳动强度和吸烟;1个保护因素:经常锻炼身体。结论不良工作姿势、劳动强度和不良生活习惯对下背痛的患病均有不同程度的影响。减少吸烟行为,增加体育锻炼次数,能够降低搬运作业人员下背痛发病的风险。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders （WMSDs） of baggage han- dlers working in airports, and to explore the ergonomic factors which can affect the low back pain （ LBP ） among the baggage handlers, providing basis for them to reduce occupational injuries. Methods 383 baggage handlers working in airport were en- rolled to this cross-sectional study. The prevalence of WMSDs was assessed using self-developed questionnaire, while information on occupational stress was collected with job content questionnaire （JCQ）, and finally, chi-square test and multivariate non- conditional Logistic regression was used to analyze various factors affecting LBP among baggage handlers. Results The incidence rate of LBP among the airport baggage handlers was 62. 7%. According to the level a = 0. 05, the result of Logistic regres- sion showed that all 6 factors, which can affect the risk of LBP among airport baggage handlers, have statistical significance. They are the bending of the back, regular turning, bending while turning around, labor intensity and smoking, as well as one protective factor, regular exercises. Conclusion Poor working postures, labor intensity and unhealthy habits exert certain influence on the risk of LBP. Less smoking, more exercises, thus, might lower the risk of LBP.