中国创业教育研究的热点领域与主题演进

Hot Research Fields of Entrepreneurship Education and Theme Evolution in China

中国创业教育研究的热点领域主要集中在几方面:对美国创业教育理论与实践模式的分析,中外创业教育模式的探索,国内外创业教育政策的实施情况,中美两国创业教育体系的比较,对中国创业教育发展过程中遇到的困境及解决对策等方面。美国作为最早提出、开展创业教育并成为当下创业教育实践最为成熟的国家,其创业教育的理论与实践发展也最完善。近年来,中国学者对美国创业教育发展动因与历程、培养目标、发展趋势及启示等方面的研究日益丰富,美国创业教育逐渐成为中国的主要借鉴对象。通过对国内外创业教育模式、创业教育政策及创业教育体系的比较研究,可以为中国创业教育的发展提供更多可借鉴的经验。当前中国创业教育发展面临着就业压力日益严峻与大学生创业意识薄弱、创业机会大量涌现与大学生创业能力低、受教育程度越高与创业积极性越低三个现实矛盾,如何处理好创业教育的定位是当下中国创业教育发展过程中面临的主要困境。中国创业教育研究主题的演进呈现出四种不同的趋势:素质教育与教学改革两大研究主题呈现出趋弱型的演进趋势;大学生、高校、高等教育及创新创业教育四大研究主题呈现出渐增型的演进趋势;创业精神和就业两大主题作为创业教育发展的目的,持续受到研究者们的关注,在中国创业教育发展的各个阶段都呈现出稳健型的演进趋势;创业教育的发展要与专业教育相结合是近年来学者们提出的新方向,因此有关专业教育的研究是近年来创业教育研究的最新前沿主题。

Detecting the hot research fields of entrepreneurship education in China mainly includes American entrepreneurship education theory and practice,the mode of entrepreneurship education,entrepreneurship education policy,innovation education system in China,the development of entrepreneurship education dilemma and countermeasures.As an earliest business-pioneering education nation,the United States has the most mature and perfect mode of entrepreneurship education.In recent years,scholars in China have paid more attention to the development motivation and process of the entrepreneurship education,the training objectives of the entrepreneurship education,and the development trend and enlightenment of the entrepreneurship education in America.Entrepreneurship education in America has gradually become the main reference object of entrepreneurship education in China.The current entrepreneurship education development in China is facing three kinds of reality contradiction.Specifically,the employment pressure is growing while the college students career consciousness is weak;the entrepreneurial opportunities spring up while college students' entrepreneurial ability is low;the higher the level of education,the lower the entrepreneurial enthusiasm.How to handle the positioning of the entrepreneurship education is the main trouble in current China.There are four trends of evolution of the theme of entrepreneurship education:The weakening of theme includes quality education and teaching reform;the increasing of theme includes college,students,higher education,and the theme of innovation and entrepreneurship education;the steady of theme includes entrepreneurship and employment;the new theme of entrepreneurship education is about the professional education.