贵州黔西南地区农村留守儿童心理健康状况调查

Research on the mental health problem of left-behind children in southwest of Guizhou province

目的调查分析黔西南地区留守儿童的心理健康状况,以期为青少年培养健康的人格提供科学的建议。方法采用分层随机抽样的方法抽取黔西南地区492名初中生作为研究对象,其中留守儿童272人作为研究组,非留守儿童220人作为对照组。采用一般情况自编问卷及症状自评量表(SCL-90),对研究对象进行调查。比较SCL-90各因子平均分在两组之间及组内按性别、是否独子之间和留守时间的差异。结果 1)留守儿童与非留守儿童在各症状因子得分上的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2)留守男童在人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、偏执的症状因子得分低于女童,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);3)留守儿童中独生子女在强迫症状、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性的症状因子得分高于留守儿童中的非独生子女,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);4)留守时间对留守儿童的心理健康有影响,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论留守儿童的心理健康状况不如非留守儿童;留守女童的心理健康状况较男童差;留守儿童中的非独生子女心理健康水平高于留守儿童独生子女;留守时间越长,心理问题检出率越高。

Objective To investigate the mental health status of the junior left-behind in the southwest of Guizhou province,and provide scientific advice for teens to cultivate a healthy personality. Methods With stratified random sampling method,492 junior middle school students were extracted as the research object,among which 272left-behind students as study group and 220 non left-behind students as control group.The self-designed general condition questionnaire and Selfreporting Inventory（SCL-90）were used as investigating tools.The each factor score of SCL-90 were compared between the two groups and intragroup. Results 1）The differences of score of each SCL-90 factor between left-behind and non left-behind were significant（P〈0.05）.2）The scores of the left-behind boys were lower than those of girls in interpersonal sensitivity,gloomy and anxious,the differences were statistically significant（P〈0.05）;The scores of factor of the only child leftbehind children were higher than those of the non-only child in obsessive compulsive symptoms,gloomy,anxious,hostile,horrible,stubborn and psychotic,and the differences were significant（P〈0.05）.4）The difference of left-behind time had influence on the left-behind,and the difference was statistically significant（P〈0.05）. Conclusions The mental health status of left-behind is worse than non left-behind;The psychological problems of left-behind girls is poorer than of boys;The mental health level of the non-only child left-behind is higher than the only-child;The longer of the left-behind time,the higher of the psychological problems.