家庭养育环境对儿童早期发育及情绪社会性发展的前瞻性研究

Prospective study of home nurture environment on early childhood developmental quotients and social emotional development

目的探讨早期家庭养育环境对儿童发育水平、情绪社会性发展的影响,为促进儿童早期发展提供依据。方法随机抽取济南市188名婴幼儿分别在3月龄、12月龄行《儿童家庭养育环境问卷》测评,2岁行《12~36月龄儿童情绪社会性评估量表》和《0~6岁小儿发育诊断量表》测评,分析家庭养育环境与发育水平和情绪社会性发展间的关系。结果3月龄家庭养育环境总分、感知/认知、人际互动/喂养因素和12月龄语言/认知因素与儿童2岁DQ及大部分能区得分呈正相关;12月龄社会适应/自理因素与2岁语言发育呈正相关。3月龄家庭养育环境总分与2岁时外显行为、失调域得分呈负相关。12月龄时家庭养育环境总分及社会适应/自理、忽视/惩罚因素与外显行为域、失调域呈负相关,所有养育环境因素均与社会能力域呈正相关。结论早期家庭养育环境对儿童早期发育和情绪社会性发展均有显著影响;改善家庭养育环境对促进儿童早期发育和情绪社会性发展越早越好。

Objective To explore the effect of early home nurture environment on children＇s developmental quotients（DQ）and social emotional development,and provide basis for children＇s early development promotion. Methods The ＂ Child Home Nurture Environment Questionnaire＂ was performed at 3months and 12 months with 188infant-toddlers randomly sampled from Jinan city,and the ＂ 12~36 month Infant-toddler Social and Emotional Assessment Scale＂ and the ＂ Children＇s Diagnostic Development Scale＂ were carried out at 2years old.The relationship between home nurture environments and development level and social emotional development were analyzed. Results There were significantly positive correlations between perception/cognition,interpersonal interaction/feeding factors,total score of child nurture environment at 3months,also language/cognition at 12 months and DQ as well as most function domains except gross motor at 2years old;There were significantly positive correlations between social adaptation/self-care factors at 12 months and language development at 2years old;And there were negative correlation between the total score of home nurture environment at 3months and the externalizing,internalizing and deregulation domains at 2years old.The social adaptation/self-care,neglect/punishment factors,total score of home nurture environment at 12 months had significantly negative correlation with externalizing,deregulation domains,and all factors of home nurture environment had significantly positive correlation with competence domains. Conclusions Early home nurture environment has direct effects on children＇s early development and the social emotional development.Children＇s early development and the social emotional development should be promoted by improving home nurture environment as early as possible.