2013年西安市7岁以下儿童超重/肥胖的调查及影响因素分析

Investigation and influencing factors of overweight/obesity among children under 7 years old in Xi'an city,2013

目的了解西安市儿童超重/肥胖的发病情况,为制定有效的干预措施提供理论依据。方法采用随机整群随机抽样的方法抽取西安市7岁以下儿童10 374人,男5 498人,女4 876人。以WHO 2007身高别体重肥胖标准作为诊断超重和肥胖的指标,并抽取3岁及以上的超重/肥胖儿童606例,选择正常体重儿童763例为对照,向以上儿童家长发放自行设计的问卷,对超重/肥胖的影响因素进行多元回归分析,以儿童是否超重/肥胖为因变量(即:是=1,否=0),儿童性别、年龄、出生体重、母亲生产方式、母乳喂养情况、父母受教育程度、家庭经济情况、儿童健康饮食情况和运动情况为自变量,进行多因素Logistic回归模型分析。结果 1)2013年7岁以下儿童的超重率为16.87%,肥胖率为8.18%。其中男童超重1 008例,超重率为18.33%,肥胖491例,肥胖率为8.93%;女童超重742例,超重率为15.21%,肥胖358例,肥胖率7.92%,男童超重/肥胖率均显著高于女童,差异均有统计学意义(χ2=17.898,8.677,P均<0.001)。2)Logistic回归分析显示:父母肥胖、家庭收入高、经常喝甜饮料、食欲好、进食速度快是儿童超重/肥胖的危险因素。父亲受教育程度高、代养人为父母是儿童超重/肥胖的保护因素。结论西安市7岁以下儿童超重/肥胖率处于较高水平,男童高于女童。儿童超重/肥胖受多种因素共同影响。

Objective To understand the influencing factors of overweight/obesity of children in Xi＇an City,and to provide theoretical basis for intervention measures. Methods A total of 10 374 children under 7years old were investigated prevalence overweight and obesity using random sampling method,of whom 5 498 were boys and 4 876 were girls.Overweight and obesity were defined with according to WTO weight-for-height standard.606overweight/obese children aged 3years old and above were extracted,and normal weight children 763 cases were compared.Parents of children were issued a self-designed questionnaire,and the health care physicians to explain the contents of the questionnaire,then the next day to recover.Multiple regression was used on the influence factors of overweight/obesity.Whether the child was overweight/obese was the dependent variable（i.e.yes=1,no=0）,gender,age,birth weight,maternal mode of production,breast feeding situation,education level of parents,family economic situation,children＇s healthy diet and exercise were independent variables,Logistic regression model was analysed using enter method. Results 1）The overweight rate under 7years old children was 16.87% and the obesity rate was 8.18%in 2013.2）Among 5 498 boys,1 008 were overweight with a 18.33% overweight rate and 491 boys were obese with 8.93% rate.Among 4 876 girls,472participants were overweight with a15.21% overweight rate,and 358 participants were obese with its 7.92% obesity rate.Compared with the girls＇ counterparts,the numbers of overweight and obese boys were apparently more.The differences in gender had statistical significances（χ2=17.898,8.677,all P〈0.001）.2）Logistic regression showed that the independent risk factors of overweight and obesity in children were the parents＇ obesity,high family income,frequent drinking sweet drinks,good appetite,eating fast.The fathers with highly education and as the foster were the protective factors of the children＇s overweight/obesity. Conclusions The overweight and obesity rates of children under 7years old are very high in Xi＇an city,there are significant gender differences in overweight/obesity in children,and the boys are higher than girls.Overweight/obesity in children is influenced by many factors.