福建省长汀县学龄前儿童营养状况与影响因素分析

Nutrition status and its influencing factors of preschool children of Changting in Fujian

目的了解福建省长汀县学龄前儿童的营养与健康状况,为提高儿童的健康水平提供科学依据。方法通过分层整群随机抽样方法,随机抽取长汀县城19 034名2~6岁学龄前儿童,对其体检结果进行分析,并问卷调查各种病因。结果福建省长汀县学龄前儿童中度以上营养不良的患病率为0.91%,其中低体重、生长迟缓、消瘦患病率分别为0.34%、0.21%、0.37%;肥胖患病率为7.40%。儿童肥胖的发生与父母肥胖、儿童饮食习惯、家庭高收入及儿童看电视时间、体育活动有关。儿童营养不良的影响因素有：疾病因素、注重儿童饮食搭配、独生子女、不良饮食习惯、接受营养讲座或义诊。结论福建省长汀县学龄前儿童营养状况较好,但仍面临着营养不良和肥胖的双重问题。

Objective To explore the nutrition status of preschool children of Changting in Fujian,and provide references for improving children＇s health levels. Methods A random cluster sampling method was carried out,19 034 children at the age of 2~6years old were selected randomly as study subjects.Data were analyzed with software of SPSS 17.0and the disease causes were investigated with questionnaire. Results Severe malnutrition prevalence rate of preschool children in Changting was 0.91%,including low weight 0.34%,growth retardation 0.21%,marasmus 0.37%.The prevalence rate of obesity among preschool children was 7.40%.The results indicated that childhood obesity occurrence was related to their parents＇ obesity,the child diet habits,high income,time consumed in watching television and doing exercises.The influencing factors of malnutrition were disease factor,valuing dietary structure,only child,unhealthy eating habits and accepting nutrition lectures or free therapy. Conclusion The nutrition status of preschool children in Changting is good,but the dual problems of malnutrition and obesity should be faced.