环境能量采集技术的研究现状及发展趋势

Survey on ambient energy harvesting techniques and its development tendency

无线感知节点是物联网的基本单元之一,通常面临无人无源甚至偏僻的应用场景,并且数量庞大,因此如何实现持续可靠的能量供给成为物联网的关键技术之一。另一方面,无线感知节点所在环境中弥散着多种能量,寻找适当方法和设计新型器件采集这些能量并转化为电能是解决上述问题的根本途径之一。文中对近年国内外在此领域的研究成果进行了归纳,重点总结了振动、热和电磁波等的能量采集技术及其接口电路技术,并对该领域的未来发展方向进行了展望。

Wireless sensing nodes belong to the basic units of the Internet of Things. These autonomous sensors are usually massively deployed at inaccessible or remote areas without ordinary power supply.Hence,providing endless self-powered energy to make them working properly becomes one of the thorny points,which requires to be solved for the ubiquitous sensing application. On the other hand,various types of power exist in the ambient environments. Accordingly,developing novel devices or methods concerning energy harvesting can pave the way to figure out the above problem. This paper reviews the recent developments of the energy harvesting technologies. It pays more attention to vibration,thermal and electromagnetic based energy harvesting devices design and interfacing circuits. The final part gives the future development of this technology for the application of the Internet of Things.