中国城市居民退休生活质量评估体系及实际测度

Evaluation System and Real Probability Measurement of the Quality of China's Retirement Life in Urban Areas

21世纪以来城市老龄化现象愈来愈突出,部分国家和地区出现高龄化、少子化并存的特征,影响着人们生活的方方面面。运用层次分析法,从健康医疗、人居环境、交通出行、社会公平与社会参与和经济金融五个维度构建城市居民退休生活质量评估体系,可对中国38个城市居民退休生活质量进行实证分析。调查发现,中国的城市居民退休生活质量整体建设水平不高,地区间发展不均衡,五个维度发展也不均衡。因此,不断加强城市居民退休生活质量建设是中国城市从容应对老龄化、社会和谐稳定发展的基础,各城市应当根据其地区文化背景、地理位置、经济发展水平等自身条件,在城市应对老龄化的发展进程中进行合理的战略定位,以提高中国整体城市居民退休生活质量。

Since the 21st century the aging of urban population has become increasingly serious, and some countries and regions have been characterized with aging and low birth rates, which affects all aspects of human life. Employing the analytic hierarchy process （ AHP）, this article builds an index evaluation system of urban life quality after retirement from the five dimensions of health care, living environment, traffic travel, social equity and social participation and economic financial development, so as to conduct an empirical analysis on the retirement quality of life in 38 cities. The study found that the overall level of China＇s retirement quality of life in cities is not high with uneven development in different regions and the five dimensions as well. To cope with population aging and ensure the stability of the whole society, we should intensify the promotion of the quality retirement life in cities. All cities should find their reasonable strategic positioning on the basis of their local cultural background, geographical location, economic development and other related conditions in order to improve the quality of retirement life in China＇s cities.