校园草坪秋季杂草研究——以沈阳师范大学为例

Turf-weed study in autumn in Shenyang Normal University campus

草坪是校园绿化的重要组成部分,杂草则降低了草坪的观赏性及其生态学价值。为了解不同环境条件下草坪杂草构成、优势地位等,调查了秋季沈阳师范大学校园中早熟禾草坪地的杂草。结果共发现15科28种杂草,以菊科和禾本科的种类最多。揭示了不同生境条件下杂草的优势种及杂草种类构成的异同,其中全光照下的广场草坪以狗尾草等一年生禾本科杂草占优势,半遮阴的道路分隔带草坪以十字花科的两栖蔊菜占优势,而被教学楼全遮阴的草坪地则以两栖蔊菜、菊科的牛膝菊、石竹科的繁缕、堇菜科的紫花地丁和紫草科的附地菜占优势。分析了杂草中外来生物入侵种及其特点,并对不同生境草坪中不同优势杂草的管理及适宜绿化植物的选择提出了对策和建议。

Lawn is very important for campus landscaping. But weeds are harmful for the ornamental value, ecological and social value of lawn. A survey was carried in autumn of 2015 for the weed composition and abundance under different habitats. 28 species which belonged to 15 families in total were found and many species belonged to composite family and grass family. The results revealed the differences of weed composition and abundance among different habitat. Setaria faberii was the dominant weed on the square lawn under no shading environment. Rorippa amphibi was the dominant weed on the half shading lawn of road separation zone between teaching buildings. The dominant weeds on the full shade lawn behind teaching buildings included several species which belonged to different families such as Rorippa amphibi, Galinsoga parviflora, Viola yedoensis, Trigonotis peduncularis and Stellaria media. Biological invasive species were analyzed and some of them were very dangerous. Some countermeasures were given to deal with weeds and some adaptable plant species should be used for different habitats.