主题建构、受众体验与叙事修辞:《我是演说家》演讲策略分析

Thematic Construction,Audience Experience and Narrative Rhetoric:The Strategic Analysis of Speeches in I'm a Speaker

基于《我是演说家》第一季冠军的五篇演讲,本研究旨在探讨普通民众如何使用演讲策略以实现话语意图。研究发现,演讲者可采用主题建构策略、受众体验策略和叙事修辞策略来增强演讲效果。主题建构策略包括:主线明晰,旗帜鲜明;以小见大,见微知著;热点元素,社会关注。受众体验策略包括:主动引导,润物无声;顺应受众,投其所好。叙事修辞策略主要有:正话反说,以迂为直;巧用互文,应情应景;借用排比,由情入境;巧妙设问,借问引思;类比联想,化虚为实。这些演讲策略的成功运用,为"讲好中国故事,传播好中国声音"提供了成功范例。

This study,based on the winner's five speeches in the first season of talk show I'm a Speaker,addresses how the speaker respectively exploits speech strategies from thematic construction,audience experience and narrative rhetoric,and aims to explore how grassroots public adopt these strategies to achieve discourse intention. It is found that,the thematic construction strategies include: showing a clear-cut thread; expressing the whole through details; focusing on hot social issues. Audience experience strategies include: guiding audience actively and unconsciously; catering to the audience' taste. Narrative rhetoric strategies include: the use of straight talk,which speaks in an ironic way to add sarcastic flavor to the narration; the utilization of intertextuality,which exploits humorous words and pop words in a proper occasion; the employment of parallels,which elicits emotional responses from audience; the exertion of question-setting,which provokes audience into thinking; the application of analogy,which turns abstraction into concreteness. The successful application of these speech strategies provides an exemplar for telling good Chinese stories and spreading good Chinese voice.