青岛观象台的历史沿革与贡献研究(1898—1949年)

Qingdao Observatory's Historical Development and Contribution(1898-1949)

青岛观象台(以下简称"青台")自建台以来,虽几经易手、历经沧桑,但它是观测资料保存最完整、最系统的台站,也是最早收归国人管理的台站。它是天文、海洋和气象等事业的发源地,也是中国气象学会的诞生地,对我国天文、气象、海洋和地球物理等研究领域做出了重大贡献。根据青台归属国的变更将其历史进程分为六个时期,分别是德国占据时期、日本第一次占据时期、中日共同管理时期、中国第一次管理时期、日本第二次占据时期和中国第二次管理时期,并根据史料分析出各历史时期特点,得出在中国管理青台期间注重对业务的拓宽和改进、仪器设备的更新、学术的交流以及资料的积累等结论,同时也从侧面论证了中国早期自主研发气象仪器设备的能力较弱,大多利用外国人遗留仪器或从国外订购。

Though the Qingdao Observatory has great changes since it was built, it is the one of observatories that keeps the observation data most completely and most systematically in China, and is the earliest one being changed into Chinese own management. It is the origin of the Chinese Meteorological Society as well as the initial place of modern meteorology, astronomy and oceanography in China. It makes a significant contribution to a lot of area, including modern meteorology, astronomy, oceanography and physics of the earth sciences. According to its historical changes of administrative countries, this article divided the history into six periods, and pointed out that Chinese paid more attention to widen and improve the scientific works, academic communication, equipment updating, and data accumulation in the Chinese own managements, while the ability of Chinese independent research was weak, because most meteorological instruments were the legacies from foreigners or ordered abroad before 1950.