中国基本养老保险待遇的地区公平性比较及其影响因素研究

A Comparative and Factor Analysis on the Regional Equity of China's Basic Pension

养老待遇是基本养老保险制度运行效果的集中体现。以地区为视角研究我国养老待遇公平性。综合公平理论及养老保障的制度目标,提出了多层次递进性的公平指标,对我国东中西部各省的养老待遇公平性进行对比分析,并在此基础上运用因子分析法归纳出影响基本养老待遇的三大因子。我国基本养老待遇呈现出东部地区绝对值高但相对公平性差、中部地区"塌陷"及西部地区整体公平度较高的特点。通过因子分析,发现经济规模因子、经济质量因子和人口压力因子是影响各地基本养老待遇的关键因素。各地可从三个核心因子角度出发,考虑完善基本养老保险的努力方向。

Pension treatment is the typical reflection of basic pension insurance system＇s effect, the paper analysis China＇s pension treatment from the view of region. Connecting equity theories and goal of pension insurance, the paper raises multi-layers equity indicators and compares the equity of pension treatment among provinces in three areas; then induces three typical influencing factors through factor analysis. The result shows that the east region presents high absolute value and low relative equity, pension treatment of middle area is lower than other areas and presents sunken situation, and the west area shows high fairness.Through the factor analysis, economy scale factor, economy quality factor and population pressure factor affect the pension largely. Thethree typical factors will offer new direction to perfect basic pension insurance system.